A brochure has been released by Luber-finer, a manufacturer of heavy-duty filtration products for on- and off-highway applications, focusing on heavy-duty fuel filters including the TotalTec fuel filter. The brochure has an ordering chart separated by engine make, thread size, absolute micron rating and fuel filter type.
SEE DIRECTLINK @ WWW.DIESELPROGRESS.COM
Monday, March 12, 2007
Fuel surcharge reduced by KLM
AIRLINE INDUSTRY INFORMATION-(C)1997-2006 M2 COMMUNICATIONS LTD
KLM
Royal Dutch Airlines has reduced its fuel surcharge with effect from today (12 October).
This decrease is in addition to the previous reduction made on 28 September.
According to KLM all UK passengers booking with the carrier will now receive an additional GBP1 reduction per stretch on all intra-European flights and a GBP3 reduction per stretch on all intercontinental flights.
The latest reduction applies to tickets issued as of 12 October 2006, KLM said.
((Comments on this story may be sent to aii.feedback@m2.com))
KLM
Royal Dutch Airlines has reduced its fuel surcharge with effect from today (12 October).
This decrease is in addition to the previous reduction made on 28 September.
According to KLM all UK passengers booking with the carrier will now receive an additional GBP1 reduction per stretch on all intra-European flights and a GBP3 reduction per stretch on all intercontinental flights.
The latest reduction applies to tickets issued as of 12 October 2006, KLM said.
((Comments on this story may be sent to aii.feedback@m2.com))
Ukrainian airlines threaten flight cancellations in response to proposed jet fuel price increase
AIRLINE INDUSTRY INFORMATION-(C)1997-2007 M2 COMMUNICATIONS LTD
]Fuel suppliers Krebo and LukAviaOil have postponed a planned increase in jet fuel prices after Ukrainian carriers AeroSvit and Ukrainian International Airlines threatened to cancel all their flights from today (2 February).
A 40% increase in jet fuel prices was to have been implemented on Thursday (1 February) but AeroSvit and Ukrainian International Airlines reportedly refused to accept the increase.
According to The Associated Press, the carriers asked the government to intervene and the oil businesses agreed to keep the old fuel price for the airline companies until Monday (5 February) so that talks could continue.
((Comments on this story may be sent to aii.feedback@m2.com))
]Fuel suppliers Krebo and LukAviaOil have postponed a planned increase in jet fuel prices after Ukrainian carriers AeroSvit and Ukrainian International Airlines threatened to cancel all their flights from today (2 February).
A 40% increase in jet fuel prices was to have been implemented on Thursday (1 February) but AeroSvit and Ukrainian International Airlines reportedly refused to accept the increase.
According to The Associated Press, the carriers asked the government to intervene and the oil businesses agreed to keep the old fuel price for the airline companies until Monday (5 February) so that talks could continue.
((Comments on this story may be sent to aii.feedback@m2.com))
Fuel for thought: meet today's new and improved diesels
WHILE AUTO manufacturers are scrambling to deliver hybrid vehicles to dealerships, diesel-fueled cars and trucks have been available for years, with more on the way. Advantages of diesel include an average of 15 percent to 22 percent better fuel economy and greater towing power than most gas-powered vehicles. Plus, today's diesels are quieter and cleaner-burning.
Leading the charge are German auto manufacturers, including Mercedes-Benz, which pioneered diesels and plans to launch several diesel-powered cars between now and 2008, including the 2006 E320 CDI Sedan.Audi's not far behind, while Dodge, Ford and GM power some of their heavy-duty pickups and vans with diesel engines.
Leading the charge are German auto manufacturers, including Mercedes-Benz, which pioneered diesels and plans to launch several diesel-powered cars between now and 2008, including the 2006 E320 CDI Sedan.Audi's not far behind, while Dodge, Ford and GM power some of their heavy-duty pickups and vans with diesel engines.
Some manufacturers add a turbo to diesel engines for stronger acceleration. Because they're more durable than gasoline engines, some manufacturers extend diesel warranties. Chrysler, for example, extends its warranty to five years or 100,000 miles on all diesel engines in the Dodge Ram, Sprinter and Jeep Liberty lineup.
Among diesel-engine vehicles currently on the market are the Liberty CRD; Ford's Excursion SUV, F-250 and F-350 pickups, and the E-Series Cutaway box van; Mercedes-Benz E-Class sedans and wagons; and Dodge's Sprinter van and Ram 2500 and 3500 trucks.
Shea Butter Lip Balm
Natural Lip Balm Vs the Other KindLip balm has been around for over 100 years. But it took a wrong turn right at the beginning. The inventor of lip balm, Dr. C. D. Fleet, started an unfortunate trend by using petroleum jelly in his Chap Stick lip balm, and it's only become clear in recent years just how ineffective petroleum jelly is as a lip balm. At best, since petroleum jelly isn't absorbed by the skin, it provides only a short-term fix for dry, chapped lips. And since it keeps the skin from breathing, it can -- if used frequently -- actually make your lips more chapped. If you’re looking for a lip balm that can actually heal chapped lips you should consider lip balm made with shea butter. Shea butter's effect on the skin is different from that of petroleum jelly. Instead of lying inert on the surface of the lips, it is absorbed by the skin cells. Because it improves the moisture retention capacity of your lips, your lips become dry and chapped much less frequently.Why Shea Butter Lip Balm WorksIn early adulthood, all of our skin cells -- including those in our lips -- begin to become more porous and less elastic. If shea butter -- a substance that both moisturizes the skin and restores the skin cells' elasticity -- is applied to the lips, then not only are the cells hydrated, but they gradually regain their natural elasticity so that they are better able to keep moisture from escaping. Because unrefined shea butter contains both a high moisturizing fraction and an extraordinarily high healing fraction, it is a wonderful agent for revitalizing our skin cells so that they get back their moisture retention capacity.Why Petroleum-based Lip Balm Doesn't WorkPetroleum-based lip balm doesn't pretend to fix the problem that causes dry chapped lips. Instead, it basically acts as a band-aid -- slightly moisturizing the surface of the lips and trapping the moisture there, thus temporarily making the lips less dry. But to keep your lips moist using petroleum-based lip balm, you need to frequently reapply the lip balm. Well you might as well just lick your lips all the time -- that has the same temporary effect, it's a lot cheaper, and it doesn't run the risk that bacteria will be trapped between the greasy lip balm and the skin, causing further irritation and even infection.Cause of Chapped LipsChapped lips are, of course, the result of our lips being too dry. Everyone experiences dry chapped lips at one time or another, but some of us have a severe and chronic problem. The explanation for severe and chronic dry lips is that our skin has lost its moisture retention capacity. As a consequence, our lips become easily chapped. The chapping further reduces the moisture retention capacity and this vicious circle results in the problem becoming chronic and increasingly severe. Whether you just have occasional chapping or chronic and severe chapping, shea butter lip balm is a good choice since it enhances the skin’s moisture retention properties.
About the Author:John McDermott provides information about the various uses of shea butter on his website http://www.karitegold.com.Read more articles by: John McDermott Article Source: www.iSnare.com
About the Author:John McDermott provides information about the various uses of shea butter on his website http://www.karitegold.com.Read more articles by: John McDermott Article Source: www.iSnare.com
Biodiesel for your vehicle
Over the recent years, biodiesel has begun to gain popularity. People all over the world are talking about this issue. The reason for this situation is because more people are concern about the environmental health. It is the role of the mass media that make them realize how bad the environment has been damaged. The other reason is people know that petroleum reserve is on its way to distinction. Thus it is the time to look for another energy resource to supply your vehicles.
There is much alternative energy available around the globe. But why you should consider biodiesel to fuel up your vehicle. One of the reason is it can save your money. This type of fuel is economy. To use biodiesel will only cost you about $3 per gallon compared to other alternatives which will cost you more than that. Why does biodiesel cost less? The origin of biodiesel is from the plants. It can be produced from plants such as oil palm, soybean, and corn or even from the used cooking oil. Thus it is more environmental friendly. Studies by the US National Renewable Energy Lab indicate that biodiesel used to power diesel engine will produce less smoke, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons.
Biodiesel is also good for your engine because it gives much higher lubricity to the engine. This means that it is essentially "slipperier" than normal diesel fuel. With the added lubricity, you can experience less wear and tear when used on a regular basis. Furthermore, biodiesel is perceived as the perfect altenative energy for your engine. Compared to other alternative energies like natural gas, propane and ethanol, you don't have to do alteration on your engine when using biodiesel. Natural gas and propane require special tanks to be installed and changes to the fuel injection must be made as well. Ethanol also requires specialized changes to the fuel injection system. Electricity requires a completely different engine.
Can you think of any other reasons for you to change to biodiesel? There are still more list to go. But these are the best reasons I can think of. To get more information about biodiesel production you can go to http://biodiesel-production-technology.blogspot.com
About the Author
Elmy Halily is a chemist working in the oil & gas industry. He has been working at various environments of oil & gas production plants. Be it onshore or offshore plants. He is an expert in handling many types of
There is much alternative energy available around the globe. But why you should consider biodiesel to fuel up your vehicle. One of the reason is it can save your money. This type of fuel is economy. To use biodiesel will only cost you about $3 per gallon compared to other alternatives which will cost you more than that. Why does biodiesel cost less? The origin of biodiesel is from the plants. It can be produced from plants such as oil palm, soybean, and corn or even from the used cooking oil. Thus it is more environmental friendly. Studies by the US National Renewable Energy Lab indicate that biodiesel used to power diesel engine will produce less smoke, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons.
Biodiesel is also good for your engine because it gives much higher lubricity to the engine. This means that it is essentially "slipperier" than normal diesel fuel. With the added lubricity, you can experience less wear and tear when used on a regular basis. Furthermore, biodiesel is perceived as the perfect altenative energy for your engine. Compared to other alternative energies like natural gas, propane and ethanol, you don't have to do alteration on your engine when using biodiesel. Natural gas and propane require special tanks to be installed and changes to the fuel injection must be made as well. Ethanol also requires specialized changes to the fuel injection system. Electricity requires a completely different engine.
Can you think of any other reasons for you to change to biodiesel? There are still more list to go. But these are the best reasons I can think of. To get more information about biodiesel production you can go to http://biodiesel-production-technology.blogspot.com
About the Author
Elmy Halily is a chemist working in the oil & gas industry. He has been working at various environments of oil & gas production plants. Be it onshore or offshore plants. He is an expert in handling many types of
Fuel for the Future
Today's vehicles are fortified with the latest advances in technology to create eye-popping designs, state-of-the-art auto parts, revolutionary amenities and remarkably low emissions to meet the standards. In fact, the most promising vehicles of the present time are coming into the market place with the most-advanced and environment friendly fuels. These fuels, as a fact, offer a slice of the future and they are just under your nose.
Diesel It is, by far, the oldest technology in connection with auto fuel. Nonetheless, diesel has some important features that could serve as a bridge to the future. Diesel engines are said to be at least 30 percent more thermally efficient than gasoline engines. Modern day diesel engines are designed to blend well with the vehicle body parts to deliver a quiet and efficient operation. The BLUETEC technology which was initiated jointly by the Audi, Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen brands, is well-accepted by auto aficionados.
Biodiesel This fuel is domestic and renewable. Usually, biodiesel is derived from natural oils such as canola and soybean. Generally, the fuel is a mixture of natural oils and petroleum-based diesel fuel. It oftentimes uses two to five percent of petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel curbs foreign oil dependence and at the same time it reduces carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulates and sulfur dioxide that pose as a great hazard to the environment.
Ethanol Another renewable fuel is ethanol and this is derived from plant sources. The fuel is usually made from corn, sugar cane and saw grasses however it could be derived from other crops as well. The most common ethanol blend is the E85 which is composed of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. However, there are vehicles these days that are designed to run on 100 percent ethanol. According to statistics there are about two million 'flex-fuel' vehicles on the road that can run on ethanol.
Benefits of ethanol include extremely low emissions output because of its high oxygen content that make it emit no more than vapors.
Other Fuels Hydrogen, propane, methanol, and compressed natural gas are also some of the fuels that complement gasoline engines. These fuel applications are suited for some purposes that include but not limited to warehouse or closed-space operation and fleet usage.
Another technology is turbocharging. It increases thermal efficiency hence delivering more power from less displacement. Volkswagen, for one, delivers an impressive power output from its 1.4 liter engine by utilizing turbocharger and supercharger.
Other Fuels Hydrogen, propane, methanol, and compressed natural gas are also some of the fuels that complement gasoline engines. These fuel applications are suited for some purposes that include but not limited to warehouse or closed-space operation and fleet usage.
Another technology is turbocharging. It increases thermal efficiency hence delivering more power from less displacement. Volkswagen, for one, delivers an impressive power output from its 1.4 liter engine by utilizing turbocharger and supercharger.
Fuel cell technology radiates incredible appeal. These fuels are environmentally clean having water vapor as its by-product. Audi, BMW, Daihatsu, Fiat, Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, Kia, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Suzuki, Toyota and Volkswagen are some of brands that currently use fuel cell technology in their products.
Hybrids, a segment dominated by Toyota and Honda, are also hot items at the present milieu. They offer high fuel mileage, quiet operation and lower overall emissions.
About the Author
Joe Thompson is the owner of a successful auto body shop in Ferndale, California. This 38 year old is also a prolific writer, contributing automotive related articles to various publications.
Joe Thompson is the owner of a successful auto body shop in Ferndale, California. This 38 year old is also a prolific writer, contributing automotive related articles to various publications.
Hot Cars Looking Hot
Ok, you've got one of those hot cars. Everything is just right. The engine, the color, the finish, and the interior are really cool. The outside is shined to perfection...or is it?
Walk around your car. How are the tires looking? Do the wheels sparkle just like the body of your car? Are they just as perfect as the rest of your hot car? Or, do you see a little less shine and possibly grime on the wheels?
The appearance of your tires have a major impact on the total perception of your car. A great looking body without great looking tires, drops you from the hot cars list to the so-so list. Keeping your tires looking great can be a challenge. The efforts are well worth the rewards.
The tires on your car have several things that affect their quality and their appearance. Things like water, petroleum distillates, UV light, ozone and formaldehyde all have a heavy impact on your tires. Water removes the oils and waxes that keep your tires pliable. Formaldehyde and petroleum distillates break down the rubber. UV light combined with ozone will also break down your tires.
Carbon black is used to protect against the breakdown of your tires. That is why tires are usually black. As the carbon black does it's work to protect your tires it wears away and your tires become greyer looking. That's why older tires have this discoloration. Without protection, tires can become dry, discolored, and crack. That's reason enough for me to regularly clean and protect my tires.
Here are a few tips to help you keep your tires looking great!
IMPORTANT: If your wheels are still hot from driving, don't clean. Wait until they have cooled as cold water can cause damage.
Brushes and sponges work best for cleaning tires. Using a chamois cloth also works well for drying before applying protection. Clean one tire at a time. Also, clean your tires before washing the rest of the car. This keeps dirt, brake dust, and soapy water from getting on an already cleaned car. Use a product designed especially for tires. Tires have more grime, dirt, and brake dust than other areas of your vehicle. Using a product that's safe, yet strong enough to remove all types of dirt will save you time and won't harm your tires. Once you've thoroughly cleaned the tires, make sure to rinse just as thoroughly. Remove any possible residue of the cleaner from your tires. This will go a long way to make sure oxidation and deterioration does not occur. After you've rinsed the tire, dry completely. Next, you will want to apply a protecting tire finish. This finish will give your tires the shine you want. Keep these steps in mind each time you clean your tires and you'll stay off the "so-so"list and have one of the hot cars.
Visit http://www.fuller-brush-products.com
About the Author
Author Vincent Platania represents the Fuller Brush Company. Fuller Brush has been in business since 1906, and offers safe, environmentally friendly products for keeping your home and your body clean. Visit http://www.fuller-brush-products.com
Walk around your car. How are the tires looking? Do the wheels sparkle just like the body of your car? Are they just as perfect as the rest of your hot car? Or, do you see a little less shine and possibly grime on the wheels?
The appearance of your tires have a major impact on the total perception of your car. A great looking body without great looking tires, drops you from the hot cars list to the so-so list. Keeping your tires looking great can be a challenge. The efforts are well worth the rewards.
The tires on your car have several things that affect their quality and their appearance. Things like water, petroleum distillates, UV light, ozone and formaldehyde all have a heavy impact on your tires. Water removes the oils and waxes that keep your tires pliable. Formaldehyde and petroleum distillates break down the rubber. UV light combined with ozone will also break down your tires.
Carbon black is used to protect against the breakdown of your tires. That is why tires are usually black. As the carbon black does it's work to protect your tires it wears away and your tires become greyer looking. That's why older tires have this discoloration. Without protection, tires can become dry, discolored, and crack. That's reason enough for me to regularly clean and protect my tires.
Here are a few tips to help you keep your tires looking great!
IMPORTANT: If your wheels are still hot from driving, don't clean. Wait until they have cooled as cold water can cause damage.
Brushes and sponges work best for cleaning tires. Using a chamois cloth also works well for drying before applying protection. Clean one tire at a time. Also, clean your tires before washing the rest of the car. This keeps dirt, brake dust, and soapy water from getting on an already cleaned car. Use a product designed especially for tires. Tires have more grime, dirt, and brake dust than other areas of your vehicle. Using a product that's safe, yet strong enough to remove all types of dirt will save you time and won't harm your tires. Once you've thoroughly cleaned the tires, make sure to rinse just as thoroughly. Remove any possible residue of the cleaner from your tires. This will go a long way to make sure oxidation and deterioration does not occur. After you've rinsed the tire, dry completely. Next, you will want to apply a protecting tire finish. This finish will give your tires the shine you want. Keep these steps in mind each time you clean your tires and you'll stay off the "so-so"list and have one of the hot cars.
Visit http://www.fuller-brush-products.com
About the Author
Author Vincent Platania represents the Fuller Brush Company. Fuller Brush has been in business since 1906, and offers safe, environmentally friendly products for keeping your home and your body clean. Visit http://www.fuller-brush-products.com
Alternative Fuel
With the rising cost of fuel, Sunday drives and trips to grandma's are no longer relaxing past-times. Enjoying the journey has been replaced with counting the mileage and crimping the budget. Beside the issue of price, a growing desire to "reduce, reuse and recycle" has also left consumers wondering "What next?" and often, "What else?" when filling their tank at the gas pump. A variety of alternatives to petroleum fuel have recently been presented to consumers, though not all of them are yet viable on a widespread scale. Hydrogen is still years away, Ethanol or E85 is not available in all locations and buying a Hybrid may not meet the average consumer's budget.
One option that makes the most sense (especially to those with diesel-powered vehicles) and the most of our resources is biodiesel. This alternative fuel is most commonly made from fats and vegetable oils through a process called transesterfication. Don't let the complicated name fool you, the concept is quite simple: it takes the oils and separates the glycerin (used to make soaps, etcetera) and replace it with methanol to create methyl esters, a.k.a biodiesel. Put simply, it takes one type of trash and turns it into two usable products. It may be easy to read about biodiesel and even advocate it, but placing a foreign substance in your vehicle may be a more intimidating task. However, biodiesel fuel that meets specifications is perfectly safe to use in your diesel engine vehicle, usually with little or no modifications. As with all fuels, it is always a good idea to check with your manufacturer and implement regular maintenance procedures. Biodiesel can be used separately or in a mix with petroleum diesel, and both options are beneficial to your vehicle and environment. In fact, biodiesel eliminates most of the exhaust emissions found in petroleum-diesel vehicles; making it the safest fuel to use and the most economic way to reuse resources among consumer fueling options.
About the Author
Homebiodieselkits.com is a great resource for information on making biodiesel, they also offer complete biodiesel processors that do all of the work for you.
One option that makes the most sense (especially to those with diesel-powered vehicles) and the most of our resources is biodiesel. This alternative fuel is most commonly made from fats and vegetable oils through a process called transesterfication. Don't let the complicated name fool you, the concept is quite simple: it takes the oils and separates the glycerin (used to make soaps, etcetera) and replace it with methanol to create methyl esters, a.k.a biodiesel. Put simply, it takes one type of trash and turns it into two usable products. It may be easy to read about biodiesel and even advocate it, but placing a foreign substance in your vehicle may be a more intimidating task. However, biodiesel fuel that meets specifications is perfectly safe to use in your diesel engine vehicle, usually with little or no modifications. As with all fuels, it is always a good idea to check with your manufacturer and implement regular maintenance procedures. Biodiesel can be used separately or in a mix with petroleum diesel, and both options are beneficial to your vehicle and environment. In fact, biodiesel eliminates most of the exhaust emissions found in petroleum-diesel vehicles; making it the safest fuel to use and the most economic way to reuse resources among consumer fueling options.
About the Author
Homebiodieselkits.com is a great resource for information on making biodiesel, they also offer complete biodiesel processors that do all of the work for you.
Petroleum Industry
As modern society consumes larger amounts of fuel every day, the energy industry has become a very important part of the development and infrastructure of every country, and so has the petroleum industry, which includes oil companies, refiners and so on. Fuel oil is essential to land, sea and air transportation or heating and nowadays it is required in greater quantities than ever.
A commonly used type of fuel oil is gas oil, generally used for industrial heating, off-road diesel vehicles and for some cars and ships. Diesel gas oil can also be used to produce small amounts of electricity, but it's really polluting and expensive. In Europe, diesel gas oil is most commonly used to fuel about 40% of the cars, 90% of the SUVs and most of the trucks. Many people prefer diesel gas oil-powered cars because they have lower fuel consumption and produce only about 69% of the polluting gasses. On the other hand, burning diesel gas oil produces greater quantities of sulfur than gasoline.
The transportation of oil plays an essential part in the logistics and economy of the oil companies, as well as in the effectiveness of the use of oil. Pipeline transport provides the most economical method to transport great amounts of gas and it was pioneered in the late 19th century by a company in Azerbaijan. The pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes with diameters ranging from 30 centimeters to 1.20 meters and they're usually built over land. Given the fact that building pipeline systems under the sea is very expensive and demanding, most of the oil at sea is transported with the help of special ships, called "tanker ships".
The mechanism is simple: the oil is pumped through the pipes by a system of pump stations built along de pipeline. The oil usually flows through the pipes at a speed ranging between 1 and 6 meters per second.
Let's take for example the Williams' Company Transco pipeline system, which has been functioning for over 50 years now. The Transco pipeline moves natural gas through its approximately 11.000 mile system, stretching across the United States from South Texas to New York City and is a great provider to the northeastern and southeastern states. Transco pipeline delivers natural gas from the Gulf Coast to areas like New York and New Jersey.
The Transco pipeline has a system design capacity of 7.8 billion cubic feet per day and a seasonal storage of 203.4 billion cubic feet. It supplies the Gulf Coast and it has market areas such as the Southeast, mid-Atlantic and Northeastern states. Also, the Transco pipeline system has about 11.000 miles of pipeline with 43 compressor stations built along the way to keep the gas moving. One must admit that the numbers are quite impressive!
Along with the great amounts of oil to be transported and the thousands of miles long pipeline systems came the need to preserve the accuracy of the drilling and exploration as well as the transportation of oil. And so came to life specialized companies to do that.
Rextag Strategies is one of the leaders in this field of expertise. Using GIS (Geographic Information Systems), mapping and cartographic capabilities and high quality graphic design, the company provides all that is needed for the effectiveness and success of all projects. The company has a competitive advantage compared to others in the same field of expertise, providing very useful information that cannot be found anywhere else. Recently, Rextag Strategies has released the "Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline Map Book", the first of its kind, offering valuable information about the top 40 US natural gas pipeline systems.
The energy and petroleum industries have both reached high levels of performance and efficiency during the last two decades and many companies have developed methods of exploiting and making good use of the planet's resources. Still, there is a constant threat to the environment that each and every company should consider, no matter the financial damage to their budget.
About the Author
By visiting our website you will not only be able to find out everything there is to know about gas oil, fuel oil or the Transco pipeline system, but you will also be able to purchase The Interstate Natural Pipelines Map Book - a complete, updated, professional and very valuable resource you will most lik
A commonly used type of fuel oil is gas oil, generally used for industrial heating, off-road diesel vehicles and for some cars and ships. Diesel gas oil can also be used to produce small amounts of electricity, but it's really polluting and expensive. In Europe, diesel gas oil is most commonly used to fuel about 40% of the cars, 90% of the SUVs and most of the trucks. Many people prefer diesel gas oil-powered cars because they have lower fuel consumption and produce only about 69% of the polluting gasses. On the other hand, burning diesel gas oil produces greater quantities of sulfur than gasoline.
The transportation of oil plays an essential part in the logistics and economy of the oil companies, as well as in the effectiveness of the use of oil. Pipeline transport provides the most economical method to transport great amounts of gas and it was pioneered in the late 19th century by a company in Azerbaijan. The pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes with diameters ranging from 30 centimeters to 1.20 meters and they're usually built over land. Given the fact that building pipeline systems under the sea is very expensive and demanding, most of the oil at sea is transported with the help of special ships, called "tanker ships".
The mechanism is simple: the oil is pumped through the pipes by a system of pump stations built along de pipeline. The oil usually flows through the pipes at a speed ranging between 1 and 6 meters per second.
Let's take for example the Williams' Company Transco pipeline system, which has been functioning for over 50 years now. The Transco pipeline moves natural gas through its approximately 11.000 mile system, stretching across the United States from South Texas to New York City and is a great provider to the northeastern and southeastern states. Transco pipeline delivers natural gas from the Gulf Coast to areas like New York and New Jersey.
The Transco pipeline has a system design capacity of 7.8 billion cubic feet per day and a seasonal storage of 203.4 billion cubic feet. It supplies the Gulf Coast and it has market areas such as the Southeast, mid-Atlantic and Northeastern states. Also, the Transco pipeline system has about 11.000 miles of pipeline with 43 compressor stations built along the way to keep the gas moving. One must admit that the numbers are quite impressive!
Along with the great amounts of oil to be transported and the thousands of miles long pipeline systems came the need to preserve the accuracy of the drilling and exploration as well as the transportation of oil. And so came to life specialized companies to do that.
Rextag Strategies is one of the leaders in this field of expertise. Using GIS (Geographic Information Systems), mapping and cartographic capabilities and high quality graphic design, the company provides all that is needed for the effectiveness and success of all projects. The company has a competitive advantage compared to others in the same field of expertise, providing very useful information that cannot be found anywhere else. Recently, Rextag Strategies has released the "Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline Map Book", the first of its kind, offering valuable information about the top 40 US natural gas pipeline systems.
The energy and petroleum industries have both reached high levels of performance and efficiency during the last two decades and many companies have developed methods of exploiting and making good use of the planet's resources. Still, there is a constant threat to the environment that each and every company should consider, no matter the financial damage to their budget.
About the Author
By visiting our website you will not only be able to find out everything there is to know about gas oil, fuel oil or the Transco pipeline system, but you will also be able to purchase The Interstate Natural Pipelines Map Book - a complete, updated, professional and very valuable resource you will most lik
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